Status of Large Marine Ecosystems and Open Oceans

Fifty percent of all fish stocks in large marine ecosystems (LMEs) are overexploited and 60% of the world's coral reefs are threatened by local activities, according to the findings of a series of assessments by the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission of the UN Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (IOC-UNESCO). The Transboundary Waters Assessment Programme (TWAP) carried out the global assessments of transboundary water systems around the world in LMEs and the open ocean.