Skip to main content

BEST AVAILABLE TECHNOLOGY (BAT) AND BEST ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICE (BEP) FOR MITIGATING THREE NOISE SOURCES: SHIPPING, SEISMIC AIRGUN SURVEYS, AND PILE DRIVING

At least 150 marine species have shown impacts from ocean noise pollution, but it has been difficult to specify the exact scenarios where ecosystem and population consequences from underwater noise will occur. Therefore, managing this threat requires a precautionary approach.

The Important Marine Mammal area Network: A Tool for Systematic Spatial Planning in Response to the Marine Mammal Habitat Conservation Crisis

The Important Marine Mammal Areas (IMMAs) initiative was launched by the Marine Mammal Protected Areas Task Force of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature in 2016, as a response to a conservation crisis in the protection of marine mammals and wider global ocean biodiversity.

Full Paper (Pdf)