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The high seas – the vast waters beyond national jurisdiction – cover nearly two-thirds of our planet. They are home to some of Earth’s most mysterious and vital ecosystems, from migratory whales to deep sea corals, and serve as a crucial regulator of the global climate by absorbing carbon and heat. Yet despite their importance, they remain largely unprotected, vulnerable to overfishing, deep-sea mining, plastic pollution, and the mounting impacts of climate change. 

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the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (also known as the ‘BBNJ Agreement’)1 was agreed. This new international legally binding instrument is aimed at conserving and sustainably using the marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction. Once in force,2 the effective and timely implementation of the BBNJ Agreement will make crucial contributions toward addressing the triple planetary crisis of nature and biodiversity loss, pollution and climate change.

As ocean temperatures set new heat records, coral reef scientists are on a mission to identify which species and reefs can tolerate heat stress the best. But how and why do some corals cope with heat extremes better than others?

When night falls in Panama's forests, the time of the opossums begins. The marsupials, which have spent the day sleeping in trees, climb down the trunks and search for fruit, frogs or eggs on the ground. The omnivores often carry a hazardous parasite—the Chagas disease pathogen.
A new study by Ulm University published in the journal One Health has now shown that the more humans intervene in nature, the more host animals are infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, and the more the tropical disease spreads.

Ambitious biodiversity goals to protect 30% or more of the Earth’s surface by 2030 (30x30) require strategic near-term targets. To define areas that must be protected to prevent the most likely and imminent extinctions, we propose Conservation Imperatives—16,825 unprotected sites spanning ~164 Mha of the terrestrial realm that harbor rare and threatened species. We estimate that protecting the Conservation Imperatives would cost approximately US$169 billion (90% probability: US$146—US$228 billion).

Today the world faces three interconnected crises: biodiversity loss, climate change, and unsustainable debt, each greatly exacerbating the other. Governments, Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), and Development Finance Institutions (DFIs) have increasingly focused on using commercial debt refinancing to simultaneously take action in support of conservation, build resilience to environmental change, and reduce or reprofile sovereign debt.

If the ocean was a state of its own, it would be the seventh largest economy in the world – with a “gross marine product” of at least US$ 2.5 trillion per year. This Blue Economy is underpinned by diverse ecosystems that provide valuable services to the world, be it fishing, tourism or shipping. On the one hand, the ocean is undoubtedly an important part of the world economy. On the other hand, its asset base, that is to say its capital, is steadily declining. This is because the sea is a commons.

Marine spatial planning is underway now, or starting, in many Pacific Island countries, including the Solomon Islands. This planning aims, amongst other things, to achieve the Convention on Biological Diversity’s (CBD) Aichi Target 11 which states, in part, that at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas are conserved through ecologically representative and well-connected systems of protected areas. For the Solomon Islands, means to achieve an ecologically representative system of marine protected areas is missing.

Marine spatial planning is underway now, or starting, in many Pacific Island countries, including Tonga. This planning aims, amongst other things, to achieve the Convention on Biological Diversity’s (CBD) Aichi Target 11 which states, in part, that at least 10 per cent of coastal and marine areas are conserved through ecologically representative and wellconnected systems of protected areas. However, means for countries who have signed on to the CBD to achieve an ecologically representative system of marine protected areas is missing.