Humanity stands at a crossroads with regard to the legacy it leaves to future generations. Biodiversity is declining at an unprecedented rate, and the pressures driving this decline are intensifying. None of the Aichi Biodiversity Targets will be fully met, in turn threatening the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals and undermining efforts to address climate change. The COVID-19 pandemic has further highlighted the importance of the relationship between people and nature, and it reminds us all of the profound consequences to our own well-being and survival that can result from continued biodiversity loss and the degradation of ecosystems. GBO-5 has been prepared by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity with guidance from SBSTTA and in close collaboration with numerous partner organizations and individuals from Governments, non-governmental organizations and scientific networks that have generously contributed their time, energy and expertise to the preparation of GBO-5