A lot of attention has been paid to the decrease in bee populations and other pollinators, but a recent review article makes the case that we should be equally alarmed by the declining numbers of seed-dispersing animals, which are crucial for growing healthy forests.

“Both are important and should be taken into account in restoration and conservation projects,” study co-author Mauro Galetti, director of São Paulo State University’s Center for Research on Biodiversity Dynamics and Climate Change, said in a press release.

Pollinators receive more attention because of their known importance for food production and the economy. But roughly half of all plants, including 90% of trees in tropical rainforests, are dependent on seed-dispersing animals for their propagation.

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Fricke, E.C., Bello, C., Chaplin-Kramer, R. et al. Drivers and impacts of global seed disperser decline. Nat. Rev. Biodivers. 1, 386–400 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s44358-025-00053-w