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Shark Sanctuaries Around the World

This document is an important tool for promoting action. It highlights the importance of culturally‐responsive capacity development, with Pacific Islanders defining the most appropriate approaches to be used. This requires partnerships, programs, and processes that work closely with existing contexts and conditions, understand and reflect values and cultures, and help build on existing knowledge and the great strength of the region – community‐based management.  That is the purpose of this framework.

This manual provides detailed guidance for assessing the social impacts – benefits and costs – of protected areas (PAs) and related conservation and development activities, at the local level using the relatively simple and low cost Social Assessment for Protected Areas (SAPA) methodology. SAPA can be used with PAs of any kind, including PAs managed and governed by government agencies, communities and the private sector.

Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)

CBD Fact Sheet

IUCN MMPA TASK FORCE

Ramsar- Convention on Wetlands of International Importance

The Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, called the Ramsar Convention, is the intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources. 

National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs)

What is a Marine Protected Area?

Runge, C. A., J. E. M. Watson, S. H. M. Butchart, J. O. Hanson, H. P.  Possingham, and R.  A. Fuller. 2015 . Protected Areas and the Global Conservation of Migratory Birds. Science 350: 1255-1258.

The EBSAs are special areas in the ocean that serve important purposes, in one way or another, to support the healthy functioning of oceans and the many services that it provides. The ocean is under increasing threat from various human activities. The most pressing threats come from overfishing, destructive fishing practices, and illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing activities.