The Kunming-Montréal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) recognizes that durable conservation outcomes cannot be achieved without the rights, leadership, and knowledge of Indigenous Peoples, Afro-descendant Peoples, and local communities. This report assesses the legal frameworks and biodiversity strategies of 30 high-biodiversity countries across Africa, Asia, and Latin America to evaluate progress toward rights-based, community-led conservation. The findings show both notable opportunities and persistent gaps that will either need to be seized or addressed if countries are to deliver on the GBF’s promise.
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