Mangrove ecosystems play a critical role in harbouring biodiversity and providing a variety of ecosystem services. The need for developing better techniques for classifying and monitoring mangroves is increasing, especially with the growing demand in blue carbon markets. However, many countries are challenged by the need to improve their mangrove cover estimates to inform decision-making on coastal land use and to guide local conservation efforts including restoration planning. This manual was developed to help overcome this problem by providing guidance, specifically targeted to build capacity for mangrove resource managers on how to use and take advantage of the latest technologies in mapping and monitoring mangroves. It enables collection of data that informs conservation decision-making, guiding the planning of mangrove restoration and protection activities that will ultimately lead to enhanced management and conservation of mangroves. In addition, case studies are presented on estimating mangrove extent, structure, condition and change, using a range of remote sensing-derived sources that are focused on < 5-m spatial resolution.

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Ecological and Socioeconomic Vulnerability and Opportunities Assessment (ESVOA), Tenmaru, Malekula

he objective of an Ecosystem and Socio-economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) process is to generate a robust planning baseline to inform the identification of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) options for strengthening the socio-ecological resilience of communities to the impacts of cli

Ecological and Socioeconomic Vulnerability and Opportunities Assessment (ESVOA), Wiawi, Malekula.

The objective of an Integrated Ecosystem Management Plan process is to generate a robust planning baseline to inform the identification of ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) options for strengthening the socio-ecological resilience of communities to the impacts of climate change and other direct an

Ecological functional diversity predicts nutritional functional diversity in complex agroforests

Biodiversity loss and rising noncommunicable disease incidences are among the greatest global challenges we face.

Ecosystem and Socio-Economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) : Solomon Islands, Vol 3 : Honiara

This report Volume 3 (of three volumes) prepared as part of the Solomon Islands Ecosystems and Socio-economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) to assess and priortise climate change-related ecosystem-based adaptaton options for selected locations in Solomon Islands.

Ecosystem and socio-economic resilience analysis and mapping (ESRAM) : Solomon Islands, Volume 1 : introduction and national assessment

This report presents Volume 1 (of three volumes) prepared as part of the Solomon Islands Ecosystems and Socio-economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) to assess and prioritise climate change-related ecosystem-based adapation options for selected locations in Solomon Islands.

Ecosystem and socio-economic resilience analysis and mapping (ESRAM) : Solomon Islands, Volume 2 : Wagina Island (Choiseul Province)

This report presents Volume 2 (of three volumes) prepared as part of the Solomon Islands Ecosystems and Socio-economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) to assess and climate change-related ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) options in Solomon Islands.

Ecosystem and Socio-economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) for Central Islands Province, Solomon Islands

The target area for the ESRAM assessment is the land- and seascape comprising Nggela Islands, Russell Islands and Savo Island. This is largely due to the very high biodiversity values of their terrestrial and marine areas.

Ecosystem and Socio-economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) for Central Islands Province, Solomon Islands

The target area for the ESRAM assessment is the land- and seascape comprising Nggela Islands, Russell Islands and Savo Island. This is largely due to the very high biodiversity values of their terrestrial and marine areas.

Ecosystem and Socio-economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) for three Communities of Southern Malaita & Maramasike Passage, Solomon Islands : Summary Report

This report presents a summary of an Ecosystem and Socio-economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) project in three communities in South Malaita, Malaita Province in the Solomon Islands; Tapa'atewa, Eliote and Ori Pre.

Ecosystem and socio-economic resilience analysis and mapping Macuata Province Fiji

The ecosystem and socio-economic resilience analysis and mapping (ESRAM) is a baseline study to identify vulnerabilities in ecosystem services at national, provincial and community scales in Fiji.

Ecosystem and socio-economic resilience analysis and mapping Taveuni Island, Fiji

The ecosystem and socio-economic resilience analysis and mapping (ESRAM) is a baseline study to identify vulnerabilities in ecosystem services at national, provincial and community scales in Fiji.

Ecosystem and Socioeconomic Resilience Analysis and Mapping Navua catchment and Beqa lagoon 2024

This report presents the Ecosystem and Socioeconomic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) prepared as part of Objective 4. ESRAM is a framework employed globally to evaluate and strengthen the resilience of both, natural ecosystems and the socioeconomic systems closely linked to them.

Ecosystem-based adaptation options assessment - Macuata province Fiji

This project identifies two Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) options that are organisational tools to strengthen the ability of the Government of Fiji to manage for the resilience and diversity of ecosystem services over time.

Ecosystem-based adaptation options assessment and masterplan for Honiara, Solomon Islands.

This report presents the Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) Options Assessment and Masterplan for Honiara prepared as part of the Solomon Islands Ecosystems and Socio-economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) to assess and prioritise climate change-related ecosystem-based adaptation options

Ecosystem-based adaptation options assessment and masterplan Taveuni Fiji

This project identifies a range of Ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) options that support ecosystem function and the community's continued to access to ecosystem services.

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Ecosystem-based Adaptation Options Assessment and Masterplan, Wagina

This report presents the Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA) Options Assessment and Masterplan for Wagina prepared as part of the Solomon Islands Ecosystems and Socio-economic Resilience Analysis and Mapping (ESRAM) to assess and prioritise climate change-related ecosystem-based adaptation options f

Ecosystem-based management plan 2016-2020: Nadi District, Bua Province

This management plan seeks to enhance the ecological value and resilience of terrestrial, freshwater, estuarine, coastal and marine ecosystems in the District of Nadi and adjacent coastal waters.

eDNA metabarcoding as a biomonitoring tool for marine protected areas

Monitoring of marine protected areas (MPAs) is critical for marine ecosystem management, yet current protocols rely on SCUBA-based visual surveys that are costly and time consuming, limiting their scope and effectiveness.

Effectiveness of the world network of biosphere reserves in maintaining forest ecosystem functions

UNESCO biosphere reserves serve as learning areas for sustainable development, where preserving ecosystem functionality is an imperative. However, this critical assumption has yet to be thoroughly examined.

Eliminating invasive rats may restore nutrient flow across food chain networks in Seychelles

Ecosystems are characterized by interconnected structure and functions.

Engaging youth in biodiversity education through visual narrative

Engaging youth in early and sustained conservation education has important implications for promoting positive attitudes and behaviors in those who will become the future of conservation and management.

Enhanced regional connectivity between western North American national parks will increase persistence of mammal species diversity

Many protected areas worldwide increasingly resemble habitat isolates embedded in human-modifed landscapes. However, establishing linkages among protected areas could signifcantly reduce speciesloss rates.

Enhancing coral bleaching predictive tools through integrating sensitivity to heat exposure

Predicting coral bleaching events has been key to reef conservation management efforts. Current satellite-based bleaching prediction tools offer effective regional-scale alerts of bleaching risk, but lack reliability at the reef-scale.

Establishing marine protected areas in a changing climate

This guidance aims to inform the planning, design, and implementation of new and expanded MPAs, OECMs, areas conserved by Indigenous peoples, and networks of protected and conserved areas at the community, national, and international levels.

ESTABLISHMENT AND MAINTENANCE OF PROTECTED AREAS IN KADAVU PROVINCE, FIJI DIAGNOSIS AND ACTION PLAN

The Resilience of Ecosystems and Societies to Climate Change (RESCCUE) project is a regional project implemented by the Secretariat of the Pacific Community.

Evaluating the social and ecological effectiveness of partially protected marine areas

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are a primary tool for the stewardship, conservation, and restoration of marine ecosystems, yet 69% of global MPAs are only partially protected (i.e., are open to some form of fishing).

Evidence that spillover from Marine Protected Areas benefits the spiny lobster (Panulirus interruptus) fishery in southern California

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are designed to enhance biodiversity and ecosystem services. Some
MPAs are also established to benefit fisheries through increased egg and larval production, or the

Expanding protected area coverage for migratory birds could improve long-term population trends

Populations of many migratory taxa have been declining over recent decades. Although protected areas are a cornerstone for conservation, their role in protecting migratory species can be incomplete due to the dynamic distributions of these species.

Fiji Marine Interactive Marine Atlas

While the ocean covers more than two thirds of the Earth’s surface, the oceanic territory of Fiji is 70 times larger than its land territory. With an exclusive economic zone (EEZ) of 1.29 million km 2 , Fiji is a large ocean state.

Fiji National Marine Ecosystem Service Valuation

Coastal and marine ecosystems provide a variety of ecological functions1 that directly and indirectly translate to economic services with value to humans.

FINAL REPORT - Seabird Survey of Aleipata Offshore Islands, Samoa. 24-26 October 2022

The Aleipata group of offshore islands have been identified as one of eight Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) in Samoa. They are located at the south-eastern end of Upolu Island at 14o3’447.28”S, 171o25’23.84”W (Nu’utele) and 14o4’22.11”S and 171o24’36.17”W (Nu’ulua) offshore.

From local knowledge and science to policy: Lessons learned from Fiji's valuable grouper fisheries

Pacific Island communities are heavily dependent on fisheries for subsistence and livelihoods. Yet, despite their importance, coastal fisheries are poorly managed and commercial pressures increasingly threaten them.

Genomic analyses support locally derived crown-of-thorns seastar outbreaks in the Pacific

Crown-of-thorns seastars (COTS, Acanthaster spp.) are the most notorious coral predators, whose devastating outbreaks cause recurrent and extensive coral depletion across Indo-Pacific reefs.

Global Biodiversity Standard

The Global Biodiversity Standard is the world’s most scientifically rigorous biodiversity certification that recognises and promotes the protection, restoration, and enhancement of biodiversity.

Global Fishing Watch

Global Fishing Watch is the product of a technology partnership between SkyTruth, Oceana, and Google that is designed to show all of th

Global Protected Areas as refuges for amphibians and reptiles under climate change

Protected Areas (PAs) are the cornerstone of biodiversity conservation. Here, we collated distributional data for >14,000 (~70% of) species of amphibians and reptiles (herpetofauna) to perform a global assessment of the conservation effectiveness of PAs using species distribution models.

GLOBAL WETLAND OUTLOOK 2025: Valuing, conserving, restoring and financing wetlands

Understanding the state and value of the world’s wetlands The Global Wetland Outlook 2025 presents a synthesis of scientific information on the value of the world’s wetlands, the costs to society due to wetland loss and degradation and the scale of investment needed to restore wetlands.

GlobalUsefulNativeTrees (GlobUNT)

The GlobalUsefulNativeTrees species selection App combines species data from the Botanic Gardens Conservation International GlobalTreeSearch database (GTS) ( website ; Beech et al. 2017 ) with data available from the World Checklist of Useful Plant Species (WCUPS) ( Diazgranados et al. 2020 ).

Governing Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction: Roles and Opportunities for the Private Sector

The entry into force of the “Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction” (BBNJ Agreement) marks a historic moment.

Greater Port Vila : social mapping and analysis of ecosystem use

This technical summary document reports on the findings from the first phase of ESRAM activity that was conducted in Greater Port Vila between January and June 2016.

Guidance on other effective area-based conservation measures (OECMs)

The Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, adopted in 2022, provides a framework for the effective implementation of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) through four goals and 23 targets.

Guidelines for invasive species planning and management on islands

These Guidelines deal with invasive plants, animals, disease agents and other organisms, in marine, freshwater and terrestrial environments, and their impacts on the environment, biodiversity, ecosystem services, human health, economies and society.

Guidelines for undertaking rapid biodiversity assessments in terrestrial and marine environments in the Pacific

SPREP presents these guidelines for undertaking rapid biodiversity assessments in its Pacific island member countries and territories: Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia. These assessments are referred to as BIORAPs.

Guidelines on harvesting threatened species

1. Societies around the globe harvest wild species, to a greater or lesser extent, for food, building materials, healthcare, medicines, pest control, ornamentation, income, recreation, and cultural and spiritual purposes.

Harnessing island–ocean connections to maximize marine benefits of island conservation

Islands  support  unique  plants,  animals,  and  human societies found nowhere else on the Earth. Local and global stressors threaten the persistence of island ecosystems, with invasive species being among the most damaging, yet solvable, stressors.

Highlighting the resilience potential of marine protected areas in the face of coral bleaching with passive acoustic monitoring

Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) can increase the resilience of reef communities to disturbances, playing a role in sheltering biodiversity from climate-related impacts.

Horizon scan of possible linkages between the BBNJ Agreement and biodiversity-related MEAs

the Sea on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas beyond National Jurisdiction (also known as the ‘BBNJ Agreement’)1 was agreed.